Everything about Buckwalter Transliteration totally explained
The
Buckwalter Arabic transliteration was developed at
Xerox by
Tim Buckwalter in the 1990s. It is an
ASCII only transliteration scheme, representing Arabic orthography strictly one-to-one, unlike the more common
romanization schemes that add morphological information not expressed in Arabic script. Thus, for example, a
waw will be transliterated as
w regardless of whether it's realized as a vowel [u:] or a consonant [w]. Only when the waw is modified by a
hamza does the transliteration change to
&. The unmodified letters are straightforward to read (except for
*=dhaal and
E=ayin,
v=thaa), but the transliterations of letters with diacritics and the
harakat take some time to get used to, for example the
nunated i`rab -un,
-an,
-in appear as
N, F, K, and the sukun ("no vowel") as
o. Ta marbouta is
p.
| Arabic alphabet |
ﺍ |
ﺏ |
ﺕ |
ﺙ |
ﺝ |
ﺡ |
ﺥ |
ﺩ |
ﺫ |
ﺭ |
ﺯ |
ﺱ |
ﺵ |
ﺹ |
ﺽ |
ﻁ |
ﻅ |
ﻉ |
ﻍ |
ﻑ |
ﻕ |
ﻙ |
ﻝ |
ﻡ |
ﻥ |
هـ |
ﻭ |
ﻱ |
| DIN 31635 |
ā |
b |
t |
ṯ |
ǧ |
ḥ |
ḫ |
d |
ḏ |
r |
z |
s |
š |
ṣ |
ḍ |
ṭ |
ẓ |
ʿ |
ġ |
f |
q |
k |
l |
m |
n |
h |
w/ū |
y/ī |
| Buckwalter |
A |
b |
t |
v |
j |
H |
x |
d |
* |
r |
z |
s |
$ |
S |
D |
T |
Z |
E |
g |
f |
q |
k |
l |
m |
n |
h |
w |
y |
» hamza
*lone hamza: '
» *hamza on alif: >
*hamza on wa: &
» *hamza on ya: }
alif » *madda on alif: |
*alif al-wasla: {
» *dagger alif: `
*alif maqsura: Y
» harakat
*fatha: a
» *damma: u
*kasra: i
» *fathatayn: F
*dammatayn: N
» *kasratayn K
*shadda: ~
» *sukun: o
ta marbouta: p
» tatwil: _
Further Information
Get more info on 'Buckwalter Transliteration'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://buckwalter_transliteration.totallyexplained.com">Buckwalter transliteration Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
